'Hybrid' Approach Operations

The possibility of adding VPT (Visual Prescribed Tracks) after a PBN final approach procedure has led to some innovative PBN implementations particularly where an implementation of an approach procedure using conventional Navaids would not have been possible based on the available infrastructure. Typically, these PBN + VPT Procedures consist of a ICAO RNP APCH whose end-point coincides the starting point of the VPT (visual manoeuvring with prescribed track) based on the provisions of PANS-OPS Part I, Section 4, Appendix to Chapter 7. The VPT is flown visually without reference to the use of instruments or use of the RNAV or RNP system.

An example of this type of approach is the RNP D APCH to RWY 22L/R in LFMN (Nice airport) where the final approach track is 80 degrees offset from the runway orientation (QFU). At the missed Approach Point (MAPt) of the RNP APCH, when the pilot has confirmed the required visual references, the procedure is continued with a VPT D procedure to RWY 22L/R. Without being coded in the aircraft navigation data base, this VPT procedure provides useful advisory guidance to the pilot. Most importantly, this guidance includes the fact that an altitude of 1000ft has to be maintained until the 3,5 degree non-standard PAPI is intercepted. While flying the VPT procedure, it is unambiguous that the pilot is responsible for terrain clearance.

Note: This addition of a VPT to an RNP APCH is not to be confused with the non-standard, non-ICAO  “VPT RNAV” or “RNAV Visual” or Visual RNAV” or ‘Visually Guided Approach’. In these non-standard applications, the VPT is blended with the approach procedure and typically, both are coded into the area navigation data base; sometimes, an RNP specification is not prescribed for this approach procedure. ICAO has no PANS-OPS criteria published for such non-standard applications. Discussions are still on-going at ICAO but to date, the organisation has not published any material to support these applications.